Decentralise everything!

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Joined 4 years ago
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Cake day: June 27th, 2021

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  • I think it is more specifically electric planes as large as commercial airline passenger planes are impossible. It has a lot to do with battery mass to energy content ratio. Kerosine is about 46.4 MJ (megajoules) per kilogram. Lithium-air batteries, for example, only have about 6.12 MJ/kg.

    So, that means you need 7 times as much battery (in mass) to have the same energy content of kerosine fuel. Naively, we can maybe say that means electric planes only have 1/6 of the range of an equivalent kerosine plane.[^]

    Interestingly, lithium-air batteries theoretically have the largest possible energy density for any battery at 40.1 MJ/kg.

    ^ The calculations are really basic and probably only slightly reflect reality (since there are many other important factors. For example, Hydrogen has a lot more energy per kilogram than kerosine, but because it is much less dense, it has much less energy per m^3 than kerosine. This has made hydrogen gas very impractical for either internal-combustion engines, or planes), but I think it gives an idea of what the problem is.





  • It is true, it seems, that Nicotine treats ADHD. There is at least one study that showed nicotine patches (18h and 24h ones) provide a mild to moderate relief for ADHD in people that do not use nicotine otherwise (e.g. nonsmokers). So, it doesn’t just treat the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal.

    Cigarette smoke is known to contain a clinically significant amount of MAO inhibiters that are not nicotine. MAO inhibiters are regularly used to treat depression and anxiety, and theoretically could treat ADHD since MAOI’s generally prevent breakdown of dopamine. There is some nuance here.*

    • For example, there are different types of MAO (monoamine oxidase - an enzyme that breaks down monoamines. Dopamine is an example of a monoamine), like MAO-A vs MAO-B, which break down different monoamines, and MAOI’s (MAO Inhibitors) differ on whether they inhibit A, B or both. Furthermore, there are reversible vs irreversible MAOI.



  • I think this misrepresents the conversation that actually happened. Paraphrasing, it was something like this:

    R: The constitution says you cannot deport people without due process. Do you agree? Trump: No, I’m not sure… R: It says so in the Fifth. Trump: I don’t know, I’m not a lawyer. R: Do you agree that you have to follow the constitution? Trump: I don’t know, I’m not a lawyer. Due process for millions of people does not sound possible.

    While it could be taken from that convo that Trump did say he doesn’t know if he should follow the constitution, I think that it is clear that he was probably saying something like “I don’t know where the Constitution stands on due process.”

    I’ll say though, it is crazy for him to say he doesn’t know what the Constitution says. I know he probably does that for legal reasons. Anyway, for a president who swore to follow the constitution seemingly not knowing anything about the constitution is preposterous, to say the least.


  • The extremism is from one side, but there is a risk that, to protect against that extremism, a polar opposite comes (Liberals most probably). Also, maybe im misunserstanding the word “polarisation”, but i understand it to mean “two polar opposites”, neither of which is necessarily extremist. For instance, I would argue that the US is polarised, but only the Republicans are the extremists, while Democrats are a defensive response to the Republicans.